Which process involves distantly related organisms independently evolving similar traits?

The process that involves distantly related organisms independently evolving similar traits is known as convergent evolution. This phenomenon occurs when different species face similar environmental pressures and challenges, leading them to develop analogous traits despite having different ancestral backgrounds. For example, the wings of bats and the wings of birds serve the same function of flight but have evolved separately in these two groups, which do not share a recent common ancestor.

This concept highlights the role of environmental adaptation in shaping the traits of organisms, demonstrating how similar solutions to similar problems can arise in unrelated lineages. Convergent evolution showcases the power of natural selection in guiding evolutionary paths, leading to the development of traits that can appear remarkably similar due to similar functional demands in different contexts.