Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells. It consists of clearly defined phases that each play a crucial role in the proper segregation of chromosomes. The correct choice includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, which are the key stages in the mitotic process.
In prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear envelope begins to break down, and spindle fibers start forming. Metaphase follows, wherein chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, ensuring that each sister chromatid is positioned for separation. During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers towards opposite poles of the cell. Finally, in telophase, the separated chromosomes reach the poles, decondense back to chromatin, and the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.
These phases are critical for ensuring each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes, and understanding them is fundamental to the study of cell biology and organism development.