What does the fossil record provide in evolutionary biology?

The fossil record is crucial in evolutionary biology as it provides insight into the evolution of species over time. It captures a historical narrative of life on Earth, documenting how various organisms have changed and adapted through different geological epochs. By examining fossilized remains, scientists can trace lineage divergence, understand the morphology of extinct species, and observe transitional forms that illustrate the gradual changes that occur within lineages.

This historical documentation allows researchers to construct phylogenetic trees and better understand the relationships between species, as well as the processes of natural selection, speciation, and extinction. Therefore, the fossil record serves as a vital tool for reconstructing the timeline of life and understanding how past environmental changes and evolutionary pressures shaped the biodiversity we see today.