What does speciation refer to?

Speciation specifically refers to the process by which new species arise from existing ones. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as geographic isolation, genetic divergence, or reproductive isolation, allowing populations to evolve differently over time. As populations adapt to their unique environments or accumulate genetic differences, they can eventually become distinct species. This process is fundamental to the theory of evolution, illustrating how biodiversity develops through evolutionary changes.

In contrast, the extinction of a species involves the complete loss of that species, which is not related to the formation of new species. Adaptation refers to the changes in traits that help organisms survive in their environment, but it does not necessarily lead to the creation of new species. Classification of species involves categorizing them based on shared characteristics but does not entail the process of developing new species itself. By understanding the concept of speciation, one can appreciate the dynamic nature of evolution and the importance of genetic variation within populations.