What does ecological succession describe?

Ecological succession describes the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. This concept emphasizes the gradual progression of species composition and community structure in a given area, particularly after a disturbance. Succession can be categorized into primary succession, where life begins in an area devoid of soil (like after a volcanic eruption), and secondary succession, which occurs in areas where an existing ecosystem has been disturbed but soil and some organisms remain (such as after a forest fire).

The core idea behind succession is that the ecosystem undergoes a series of changes and developments, leading to a more complex and stable community. These changes are often predictable and follow a general pattern, with pioneer species being replaced by more diverse and specialized species over time. This process is critical for understanding how ecosystems recover from disturbances, adapt to environmental changes, and increase their biodiversity over time.