What condition describes genotype frequencies remaining constant from generation to generation?

The condition where genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation is known as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This principle provides a mathematical framework for understanding population genetics and assumes that several conditions must be met for a population to maintain genetic stability over time. These conditions include a large population size, random mating, no mutations, no gene flow (migration), and no selection (natural or otherwise).

Under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, allele frequencies and corresponding genotype frequencies can be predicted using specific equations. This concept is fundamental in studying evolutionary processes, as deviations from this equilibrium indicate that one or more evolutionary forces, such as natural selection or genetic drift, are at work in the population.

The other terms, while related to population dynamics, do not specifically address the concept of genotype frequencies remaining constant in the precise way that Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium does. Equilibrium theory and population equilibrium might refer broadly to stable states in populations, but they are not as specific or universally applicable as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the context of genetics. Genetic stability is also a more general term that does not capture the specific mathematical and statistical context provided by Hardy-Weinberg.